A two-way table summarizes data for a population based on two characteristics, X and Y, as shown below.
| Characteristic Y | Not Characteristic Y | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic X | a | b | a+b |
| Not Characteristic X | c | d | c+d |
| Total | a+c | b+d | a+b+c+d |
Which of the following expressions represents the probability that a randomly selected individual has Characteristic Y, given that they have Characteristic X?
