A research team conducted a study involving participants, randomly selected from a specific demographic group, to investigate the correlation between Factor X and Outcome Y. The study found a strong positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of . Based on this finding, which of the following statements must be true?
I. For all individuals in this demographic group, an increase in Factor X directly causes an increase in Outcome Y.
II. If the study were repeated with a different group of randomly selected participants from the same demographic, the correlation coefficient would be exactly .
III. The observed correlation of implies that there are no other factors influencing Outcome Y for individuals in this demographic.
None
I only
II only
I and III only