In a small pond there are nine lily pads in a row labeled 0 through 8. A frog is sitting on pad 1. When the frog is on pad , , it will jump to pad with probability and to pad with probability . Each jump is independent of the previous jumps. If the frog reaches pad 0 it will be eaten by a patiently waiting snake. If the frog reaches pad 8 it will exit the pond, never to return. What is the probability that the frog will escape without being eaten by the snake?